In addition to fatigue and increased hunger, living with constant sleep deprivation and stress has other effects, some long-term. Experts explain the risks – and how to limit the damage, or at least some of it

By now, this has become a daily challenge: how many hours of sleep can one get in a night riddled with air-raid alerts, racing to shelter and attempts at shuteye before being woken up again. And not just how many hours in total, but also how long one can sleep uninterrupted. All this comes before the real challenge – staying awake during the day, functioning as normally as possible and perhaps even forgetting – until the next siren – that this is an open-ended state of emergency. 

This reality has direct and indirect health implications, some immediate and clearly felt in the ability to function and in planning and concentration. In the longer run, this stressful reality, marked by constant alertness and sleep deprivation, could have a cumulative effect on other bodily systems, including the immune and cardiovascular systems, as well as mental health. 

“The professional term for what has been happening now is ‘sleep deprivation’ due to air-raid alerts,” says Prof. Yaron Dagan. “This deprivation harms two main things: one is cognitive – that is to say, everything related to thinking, perception, problem-solving, concentration and memory; the other is emotional – people are gloomier, less patient, and generally in a worse mood, which sometimes results in reckless decision-making.”

Dagan, director of the Institute for Sleep Medicine at Assuta Medical Centers, explains that healthy sleep is crucial for waking life, particularly for our cognitive system, “which reboots brain memory in order to clear it for the next 24 hours. This activity takes place in several areas in the brain, and without uninterrupted or adequate sleep – the processes served by sleep are impaired.” One stage of sleep, he emphasises, is crucial for emotional processing, learning and memory formation. “This stage occurs in 90-minute cycles, and with sleep deprivation it’s disrupted, affecting our thinking and behaviour when awake.”

Is there anything that can be done, considering that it is entirely unclear how long this routine will continue? Perhaps a nap here and there? “In principle, sleep is not a bank – you cannot not sleep for a week and then fill the deficit by sleeping for a week,” says Dagan. “What we recommend is what’s called a ‘combat nap’ – a planned 30-45-minute nap to replenish your batteries. Even if someone can’t doze off, simply lying down, closing one’s eyes and relaxing is enough. This is the best way to deal with this sleep deprivation. It cannot fully replace nighttime sleep, but it certainly helps you feel refreshed.” 

Proper or healthy sleep is not just a matter of quantity; uninterrupted sleep is just as important as getting enough hours. “Sleep that is too short or interrupted – both have the same effects and cause the same harm as sleep deprivation,” explains Prof. Giora Pillar, head of the sleep clinic in Clalit Health Services’ Haifa District and sleep researcher at the Technion’s Faculty of Medicine. “There have been studies on this. In one, students were allowed to sleep for eight hours, but their sleep was interrupted. The damage was found to be the same.” 

A vicious cycle

The immediate effects are not limited to fatigue and exhaustion. Along with sleep deprivation, unending stress is not only mental but also physiological, affecting many bodily systems. When a person remains alert for an extended period, high levels of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline are secreted. Chronic exposure to these hormones can harm the immune system, increase inflammation and blood pressure and impair cardiovascular function. In addition, stress has been linked to sleep disorders (creating a vicious cycle) and to the worsening of chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes, as well as to an increased risk of heart disease. Over time, this condition may erode physiological systems and cause an overall deterioration in health. 

Over the past two and a half years, with one operation following another and one air-raid siren after another, stress has become a familiar term. In general, it refers to a physical and emotional reaction to threatening or dangerous situations – not just wartime or physical danger, but also everyday pressures such as work overload, mental overload or difficulties in other aspects of life. In today’s reality, however, it’s almost impossible to isolate stress from sleep deprivation. “Stress is a mediating factor,” says Prof. Pillar. “It causes sleeplessness in itself, as well as many other complications.” 

In many respects, the symptoms of stress and sleep deprivation overlap or reinforce one another. In part, this connection is evident in eating patterns. Like stress, sleep deprivation is a risk factor. When sleep is reduced, levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone) soar, while levels of leptin (the satiety hormone) fall. The result is increased hunger, especially for high-calorie, sugary and fatty foods. A 2004 study released by researchers from the University of Chicago demonstrated this clearly. The researchers hypothesised, based on their findings, that the body interprets sleep deprivation as a state of energy deficit – even if that’s not exactly the case.

Chronic overeating under such conditions can lead to weight gain, increased insulin resistance and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disorders. In addition, ongoing caloric excess, driven by fatigue, also hinders the body’s ability to regulate metabolism and balance energy. 

And the list of risks does not end there. According to Pillar, sleep deprivation also affects the immune system. “Sleepless patients or patients who sleep poorly, that is to say: people who suffer from chronic sleep disorders, are already suffering from irreversible complications,” he warns. “We will see higher rates of high blood pressure, more cases of metabolic syndromes, more diabetes, more obesity, more strokes and more cancer.” 

To a certain extent, these symptoms are reversible, as reality has proven. “Soldiers who sleep too little and then sleep through the weekend are not at risk in the long term,” Pillar illustrates. “Medical interns who sometimes work two 26-hour shifts a week make up for lost sleep and don’t develop long-term complications. That is to say, it’s reversible – up to a point.” 

However, given the current reality, which has already lasted more than a week and even a fortnight, the question becomes where the line lies beyond which the damage becomes irreversible, or only partly reversible. This is a crucial question. “We are already seeing patients whose diabetes is no longer balanced,” he says, “or who have high blood pressure.” 

A 2016 study published in the International Journal of Cardiology found a clear link between sleep duration and coronary heart disease. The findings indicate that people who sleep seven to eight hours per night are at low risk, with every one-hour reduction associated with an 11 percent increase in the risk of heart disease. These findings were reaffirmed last November in another study, published in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, which indicated that people who sleep six hours or less are at almost twice the risk of dying from kidney or heart disease compared with those who sleep longer. 

An immune system out of balance

Over the past two decades, many studies have examined the link between sleep quality and immune system function. Among other findings, people who sleep less than six hours a night produce fewer antibodies after vaccination; on the morning after a sleepless night, a significant increase is seen in the production of inflammatory cytokines – proteins secreted by immune cells in response to infection or injury; and, in general, proper sleep strengthens anti-inflammatory and anti-viral reactions, while inflammatory signals from the immune system affect the structure and depth of sleep.

According to a 2019 study published in Nature Reviews Immunology, sleep deprivation increases activity in the sympathetic nervous system (responsible for the body’s response in situations of threat and danger), which in turn raises stress hormone levels and releases inflammatory cytokines. It was found that in chronic sleep disorders, the overall level of inflammation in the body increases, while antiviral responses grow weaker. 

“Sleep deprivation is documented as one of the main biological factors affecting the immune system (when not diseased),” says Prof. Cyrille Cohen, head of the laboratory of immunology and immunotherapy and dean of Bar-Ilan University’s Faculty of Life Sciences. “In principle, conditions such as stress and sleep deprivation do not weaken every component in the immune system but rather cause an imbalance in its function.” He says this may manifest in several ways. “For instance, you’re at a slightly higher risk of certain infections, mainly respiratory – and the recovery process may also be slower.” However, Cohen emphasizes that “the effect is usually mild, and varies greatly from person to person.”

In 2011, Cornell entered into an academic partnership with the Technion — Israel Institute of Technology to compete for an ambitious goal: build an innovative New York City campus to educate a new generation of tech leaders, conduct breakthrough research and development, inspire startups and propel the city to becoming a global hub for the tech industry. Beating national competitors in the bidding process, Cornell and the Technion won the opportunity to create Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island. Without the Technion, there would be no Cornell Tech.

Nearly 15 years later, Cornell Tech has educated more than 2,700 students and undertaken groundbreaking research on AI and other new technologies.

Critical to this mission is the Joan and Irwin Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, created through the unique academic partnership between Cornell and the Technion without a financial obligation from either university to the other. The Jacobs Institute brings together engineers, computer scientists, designers, clinicians and entrepreneurs to develop new technologies, launch startups and generate real-world impact through three research hubs focused on health, media and urban challenges. As is the case at most American universities, all of this research is supported through private philanthropy and competitive grants from U.S. government agencies. At the Health Tech Hub, faculty and students are building machine-learning systems that predict disease progression and assist clinicians with diagnosis and treatment, particularly in areas like cardiology, radiology and emergency care. In the Connective Media Hub, researchers study how digital platforms shape the way information spreads, communities form and public conversations evolve. Within the Urban Tech Hub, researchers explore how advanced data science can improve infrastructure — from housing and transportation to energy systems and climate resilience. Through programs like the Urban Innovation Fellows initiative, researchers work directly with agencies across New York City on challenges ranging from sanitation and procurement to transportation and housing policy.

Celebrate Pi Day and read about how this number pops up across math and science on our special Pi Day page.

For more than two millennia, mathematicians have produced a growing heap of pi equations in their ongoing search for methods to calculate pi faster and faster. The pile of equations has grown into the thousands, and algorithms now can generate an infinitude. Each discovery has arrived alone, as a fragment, with no obvious connection to the others. But now, for the first time, centuries of pi formulas have been shown to be part of a unified, formerly hidden structure.

Divide any circle’s circumference by its diameter and you get pi. But what, exactly, are its digits? Measuring physical circles won’t tell you—your tools are too clunky to discover pi’s endless numerals. Uncovering its true value requires something much more powerful: a formula.

It all started with Archimedes, who developed the world’s first known mathematical proof for pi’s value. He thought of a circle as an infinite-sided polygon with sides of zero length. The math to handle infinitesimals (calculus) wouldn’t arrive for another 1,900 years, so instead he circumscribed 96-sided polygons on the outside and inside of a circle and used geometry to calculate their perimeters. He was able to determine that pi fell somewhere between 3.140845… and 3.142857…, trapping it in a range. His rigour stood for 1,600 years.

Then, around the 14th century, Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama provided the first exact formula, expressed as an infinite series—a sum of endlessly many terms that, if you could somehow add them all up, would yield pi exactly. The catch: his series converged agonizingly slowly, requiring hundreds of terms just to nail down a few decimal places. More than three hundred years later Leonhard Euler discovered another series that converged faster. And in the early 1900s, the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan produced formulas that are still revered for their efficiency today.

Graphic shows four examples of formulas for pi and lists each formula’s associated author, the author’s country of origin and the year in which the formula was first discovered or published.
Amanda Montañez; Source: “From Euler to AI: Unifying Formulas for Mathematical Constants,” by Tomer Raz et al. Preprint posted November 16, 2025 to https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.17533 (reference)

Each equation seemed unrelated to the others. But in late 2025, a team of seven AI researchers at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology found a previously unknown mathematical structure underlying hundreds of pi formulas, including those of Archimedes, Euler and Ramanujan. “It’s not every day that you get to cite Archimedes,” says Ph.D. student Michael Shalyt, part of the team. The structure, called a conservative matrix field, or CMF, acts as a kind of mathematical common ancestor, showing how formulas that look nothing alike turn out to be different expressions of the same underlying object.

The project grew out of group head Ido Kaminer’s 2019 Ramanujan Machine, an AI bot that seeks out new conjectures for calculating mathematical constants. Anyone can download the software for free, and many have used it to find new pi formulas to join the heap. The bot’s unconventional approach was a viral success, if not taken entirely seriously by mathematicians. “When we started doing AI research in this area of math,” Kaminer says, “it was seen as a fringe idea.”

But as the machine and other mathematicians kept churning out formulas, eventually the question became unavoidable: Were any of them connected?

The group, who also have backgrounds in areas such as physics and math, approached the problem like experimentalists and decided to gather a dataset. Tomer Raz, then a master’s student at Technion, wrote code to download every math paper that had ever been uploaded to the preprint server arXiv.org, running his laptop seven days a week, 24 hours a day, for six weeks to download 455,050 papers at a slow enough rate to respect the website’s limit.

The group then deployed GPT-4o in combination with specialized algorithms to detect pi-related equations, translate them into executable code, and remove trivial duplicates. From nearly half a million papers, they extracted 385 unique formulas, including about 10 percent that originated from the Ramanujan Machine.

For the next step, they recast the 385 equations into the same format—a special type of infinite series. But the expressions still all converged to pi, leaving no obvious way to compare them. Something deeper was needed.

That something was the CMF, which some members of Kaminer’s group had introduced in 2023. Shalyt calls it a Swiss army knife for mathematics. “It can unify 2,000-year-old formulas [and] give hierarchy for constants in math, and we hope to [use it to] prove some properties of irrationality related to the Riemann hypothesis,” he says.

Think of the CMF like gravity defined on a grid. Each pi formula traces a different path across the grid. Just as a gravitational field guarantees that the energy difference between two points is the same, regardless of route, the CMF guarantees that only the destination matters. From this single constraint, something remarkable emerges: when two pi formulas trace parallel paths through the same CMF grid, they are equivalent (one can be transformed into the other), however mismatched they appear on the surface.

The group derived the CMF of pi, then used algorithms to see where each formula fit inside the grid, finding clusters of similar equations. An algorithm formally proved whether a cluster of equations belonged to the CMF. The result: 43 percent of all known pi formulas descend from a single CMF. Another 51 percent belong to broader clusters. (The researchers are still working out their precise relationships.) Only 6 percent of the formulas remain orphans, with no proven connection to anything else.

It’s an open question whether a more complex CMF could capture the entire set, Kaminer says. Another open question is whether every single equation generated from the CMF is a pi formula—so far, all the equations the team has tried have worked.

David Bailey, a retired computer scientist formerly at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who wasn’t involved in the study (though a pi formula bears his name and the group used one of his algorithms), says the project’s results are as if 17th-century chemists had been discovering atomic elements one by one “and then all of a sudden, someone let loose a computer program that constructed the whole periodic table automatically.”

Mathematician George Andrews, a professor emeritus at the Pennsylvania State University (who famously uncovered a lost trove of Ramanujan’s notes) had previously criticised the group for naming their machine after Ramanujan. But he had nothing but praise for the current work. “This is serious mathematics done in a serious way,” he says. “More and more surprising things should emerge.”

Belgian-born Technion scientist Dr. Katrien Vandoorne leads research tracking inflammation in the body and says Israel’s collaborative science culture and wartime resilience convinced her to build her lab and raise her family here

When Dr. Katrien Vandoorne first arrived in Israel to pursue her PhD at the Weizmann Institute of Science, she was struck by something that went far beyond laboratories and research facilities. “The people were very collaborative and warm and inspiring,” she recalled. “The science was really great for me, but also the Mediterranean climate, the food, all those things.”

Originally from Belgium, Vandoorne said the country’s scientific culture felt very different from the academic environment she had known in Europe. “In Belgium it’s very hierarchical,” she said. “The professor is very high up, and you should always be very polite and never question anything that is written in the book.”

How did you find Israel’s scientific culture in contrast?
“What I really like about Israel is that, as a master’s student, you can question the whole theory of your professor, and there is no problem with that,” she said. “Your professor will actually like it that the student is engaged and wants to make your theory fall.”

For Vandoorne, that openness was transformative. “No one will ever say, ‘That’s a stupid question,’” she said. “Everybody will say, ‘Hey, that’s a good question,’ and take it as a sport.” She believes this atmosphere encourages creativity and innovation. “The young people, they’re the ones with the, maybe, crazy ideas, but maybe also really solving things that the previous generations couldn’t solve.”

Building a life in Israel

Although Vandoorne later had opportunities to work in Europe and the United States, she and her family ultimately decided to build their future in Israel. “It was really a package deal,” she said. Her husband, an Israeli, had long hoped to return. But Vandoorne said the decision was not only personal. “For me it was really the scientific culture and the unique combination of very good science that wants to make an impact and solve problems, together with a really human environment,” she said.

Dr. Katrien Vandoorne
Dr. Vandoorne having breakfast with her students on the grass next to the faculty building: coffee, ideas, and a little team-buildin (Photo: Private album)

Family considerations also played a central role. The couple moved to Israel in the summer of 2018 with their three young children. “They were 3, 5 and 7,” she said. Starting over in a new country while raising a family was not simple. “Becoming an immigrant means that you have to learn the language, find new friends and also professionally grow,” she said. “It’s been a journey.”

Despite the challenges, she says the experience has been enriching. “Instead of making myself smaller by being only an immigrant, I expanded myself by learning Hebrew and also being part of the Israeli culture,” she said.

Mapping inflammation in the body

Today Vandoorne is head of theIn Vivo Multi-Scale Imaging Lab at the Technion’s Faculty of Biomedical Engineering in Haifa. Before joining the Technion, she worked at leading research institutions in Europe and the United States, including Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, and conducted research at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where she completed her PhD.

Her team studies how inflammation spreads through the body and how immune cells travel between organs. “When the body faces any stress like infection, chronic disease or heart attack, the immune system is activated,” she explained. “Most of these immune cells come from the bone marrow. It’s like a factory inside the bones where blood and immune cells are produced.” Her work focuses on how inflammation contributes to diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and neurological disorders, conditions in which the immune system plays a key role.

Dr. Katrien Vandoorne

Using advanced imaging technologies including MRI, PET-CT and intravital microscopy, her team tracks immune cells as they move from the bone marrow through the bloodstream to organs such as the heart and brain. “Our goal is really to visualize these inflammatory processes so we can measure them, monitor them and ultimately also treat them,” she said. “Or even diagnose them earlier and be more precise with therapies.”

Vandoorne’s work sits at the intersection of biology, medicine and engineering, reflecting the Technion’s approach of combining technological innovation with medical research.

A unique research ecosystem

Vandoorne says the Technion’s strength lies in its ability to bridge engineering and medicine. “It combines engineers on the technical side and clinicians on the medicine side,” she said. “You have Rambam Hospital, a great medical school and all the engineers needed to solve problems.” Biomedical engineers often stand at the intersection of those disciplines. “We’re really trying to work on real-world problems,” she said.

Dr. Katrien Vandoorne

Beyond infrastructure, she credits the university’s collaborative atmosphere. “It’s a very warm human environment,” she said. “Everybody is open and supporting. Whatever question I have, people are trying to help.”

Life and work during war

Like many Israelis, Vandoorne’s daily life has also been shaped by the ongoing war. “The war has been a rough pill to swallow,” she said. Without extended family nearby and with many international friends leaving Israel after the October 7 attacks, the experience has been emotionally challenging. “I built up a whole network of friends and most of them left,” she said. “It was very confronting for me to need to start it up again.”

Yet she says both her children and her students have helped her navigate the uncertainty. “My children teach me the most about how to deal with it,” she said. “I worry about them and they tell me not to. They say they are fine.” Her lab community has also provided support. “For me our faculty feels like a small family,” she said. “Everybody is really part of the community.”

Dr. Katrien Vandoorne

During periods of heavy rocket fire from Hezbollah in northern Israel, staff and students often gathered in a large underground shelter inside their building. “We were just all down there trying to ground ourselves by talking science in the shelter while bombs were falling,” she said. “After everything stops everybody gives a hug and we go back up and continue our day.”

Believing in Israel’s scientific future

Despite the difficulties, Vandoorne remains optimistic about Israel’s future in science and innovation. “I think if anywhere there’s going to be biomedical innovation, it’s going to be here,” she said. Part of that belief comes from what she sees as a national resilience. “We are not afraid of anything,” she said. “That lack of fear stops many people in other countries from innovating.”

Dr. Katrien Vandoorne

Facing constant challenges can also fuel creativity, she said. “If you are in a country where everything is good and everything is fine, you don’t want to take a challenge,” she said. “Here we deal with challenges every day.”

For Vandoorne, that spirit continues to shape both her research and her life in Israel. “It really feels like a place where people want to solve problems and help each other,” she said. “That’s why I want to stay.”

Prof. Katrien Vandoorne is head of the In Vivo Multiscale Imaging Lab in the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering in the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.

As the world is told about the war between Iran, Israel and the United States in the language of strategy and security, my prism is memory. For many, this is geopolitics. For me, it never really is.

All my grandparents were Persian Jews. They left their homes when the country they had known most of their lives had become home no longer. They felt unsafe under a regime that was fast becoming more rigid and fundamentalist.

They left behind property, wealth, community and family. Some relatives who stayed were imprisoned. Many others were killed. In our family, those stories are not told as political history, they are told as personal experience.

Before the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran back then was a rapidly modernising country, vibrant and sophisticated with an incredibly rich culture. Under the rule of the Shah, it blended ancient heritage with a booming, Western-influenced urban culture – and the Jews were protected.

For centuries, Jews in Persia contributed to its society in many meaningful ways. My own family, from Mashhad, were educated, entrepreneurial and deeply connected to the people around them. The shift did not happen overnight. It rarely does, but as Islamic fundamentalism hardened into state power, Jewish life became increasingly precarious. What once felt like belonging, became uncertainty, and then fear. That change shaped the course of my family’s life, and it still echoes.

They were lucky and managed to leave the country before the current evil regime took power. They move to Israel, the US and the UK.

I was meant to be in Israel this week on a Technion UK solidarity visit. Cancelling the trip was not an easy decision. It felt heavy, and even disloyal. Yet whether I am in Israel or in London, what is unfolding does not feel far away. It feels familiar in ways that are too difficult to explain to those who do not carry a similar history.

As CEO of Technion UK, I proudly represent Israel’s oldest university and one of its leading scientific and technological institutions. Technion graduates have played a central and leading role in many areas including developing nearly all of Israel’s defence systems that protect Israel’s citizens of every background; Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Druze and Bedouin. But beyond the technology is something more enduring: a determination to keep building and contributing to the country and the world, even under threat.

When I spend time with members of the Persian Jewish community in London, I do not hear rage. I hear deep sadness. There is grief for a country they once loved that no longer exists. Their hope for change is not driven by vengeance. It is shaped by longing and the memory of what once was.

Behind the headlines are so many families like mine: 150,000 Jews shaped by exile, resilience and memory. That is not ancient history. It sits within living memory, around Shabbat tables, in the stories grandparents tell our children.

Purim teaches us that Jewish history has never moved in a straight line. There have been moments of threat, moments of reversal and moments of renewal. Remembering that is simply part of our inheritance.

For me, this moment is not only about strategy or security. It is about responsibility, to those who came before us, and to those who will come after. That is why it feels so personal.

Six international companies are relocating to Boston as part of an artificial intelligence health care accelerator backed by the Middle East’s largest medical centre.

Sheba Medical Center in Israel — which has the world’s first AI-powered emergency department — first announced its new U.S. endeavour last May. Now it has officially launched the ARC Innovation Boston location in the city’s downtown, a “soft landing pad” for international startups working to transform the delivery of health care through AI and digital solutions.

The Boston hub is joining a network of existing ARC (Accelerate, Redesign, Collaborate) programs in London, Melbourne, Singapore, Berlin and New Zealand.

It’s expected to leverage Massachusetts’ world-class health care institutions, clinical research and tech innovation with Sheba Medical Centre’s ARC methodology and global platform.

“The launch of ARC Landing Boston marks the start of a new era of medical innovation,” said Dr. Yonatan Keschner, CEO of the Boston location. “Our first cohort of startups are developing technologies that will address some of the greatest medical challenges and reinvent the future of healthcare.”

Sheba Medical Center Boston Arc
Dr. Yonatan Keschner, CEO of ARC Landing Boston, speaks at a February networking event hosted at the new AI health care accelerator.Courtesy ARC Landing Boston

The companies setting up shop in Boston as part of the first U.S. cohort are:

  • XEOS (founded in 2019) — Real-time molecular imaging in the operating room to help surgeons confirm complete tumour removal and improve surgical outcomes.
  • UltraSight (founded in 2018) — AI-driven software that makes high-quality cardiac ultrasound accessible anywhere — designed for clinicians who aren’t cardiac sonographers but routinely evaluate and manage patients.
  • FeelBetter (founded in 2019) — AI-powered pharmacotherapy platform for medication management, designed to improve outcomes, efficiency and financial performance for health care organisations.
  • Modulight (founded in 2022) — Developing first-of-its-kind therapy (precise control of brain activity using light) to treat severe neurological disorders.
  • custoMED (founded in 2023) — Combining AI, 3D printing and clinical expertise to empower orthopaedic surgeons to design and produce personalised surgical guides and implants from standard imaging.
  • Nuri Braintech (founded in 2024) — The first emotion brain-computer interface designed for psychiatry, breakthrough therapeutic approach for post-traumatic stress disorder and other treatment-resistant mental illnesses.

Collectively, the companies have so far raised $84.9 million. The Sheba ARC team is providing physical work space in downtown Boston and facilitating connections with the state’s health care ecosystem, as well as operational support. 

Sheba Medical Center ARC Boston
Sheba Medical Center has formally launched its ARC Landing Boston location, featuring six international startups relocating to the U.S.Courtesy Boston ARC Landing

Professor Eyal Zimlichman — who serves as deputy director general, chief medical officer, chief innovation officer and ARC co-founder at Sheba Medical Center — previously told MassLive that patients in Massachusetts will have the opportunity to experience the technologies before the rest of the world, as the companies will need to test and deploy their work with local hospitals and providers.

Last fall, the program was in the process of signing memorandums of understanding with “a very large number” of Massachusetts providers, in not just Boston, but also the western part of the state and the north and south shores.

The Technion claimed the top spot in Europe for AI research according to CSRankings, placing 21st globally, and has fuelled a surge of successful commercial tech spinoffs.

The Technion Israel Institute of Technology was ranked the best university in computer science and artificial intelligence research in Israel and Europe. It was also ranked 21st worldwide, according to an index unveiled by CSRankings on Monday.

The index was created using the number of peer-reviewed conference papers published by Technion researchers between 2005 and 2025 at the world’s leading computer science conferences, highlighting the Technion as one of the leading institutions in AI research and development.

The institute was also ranked among the top ten most important universities when investigating Machine Learning, a subfield of Artificial Intelligence.

The Technion explained that this achievement was possible thanks to its extensive community of researchers, comprising more than 150 professionals from across a range of faculties, working in various areas of AI research and development.

“This international recognition stems from a long-term strategy to advance AI research at the Technion and from substantial investment in this field,” said Prof. Danny Raz, Senior Executive Vice President at the Technion.

Aerial view of the Technion Israel Institute of Technology (credit: TECHNION SPOKESPERSON’S OFFICE)

“Hundreds of our faculty members apply advanced AI-based methods across a wide range of fields, including data science, medical research, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, architecture, and biology, and I am confident this trend will only intensify,” he added.

Technion transforms academic achievements into commercial applications

According to a statement by the institute, the Technion’s AI research achievements have been translated into commercial applications, mainly using the T3, the Technion’s technology transfer arm.

Among the most important are Firefly Neuroscience (brain health), founded by Dr. Shahaf Goded and which went public in 2024; DECI AI (deep learning), founded by Prof. Ran El-Yaniv and acquired by NVIDIA; and Autobrains (autonomous vehicles), founded by Prof. Yehoshua Zeevi.

Other important companies founded by Technion’s alums are Barcode Nanotech (in-body particle transport for therapeutic purposes), founded by Prof. Avi Schroeder, Pickommerce AI Robotics (robotics), founded by Prof. Elon Rimon, Nol8 (data processing), founded this year by Prof. Mark Silberstein, Metasight Diagnostics (bioinformatics), founded by Prof. Tomer Shlomi, and SleepAI (sleep research), founded by Prof. Joachim Behar.

Ali Ayoub told the Globes Putting the North at the Center Conference that Nvidia does not see the north as a periphery but as the center of the AI revolution.

“I was born and raised in the (Galilee) village of Majd al-Krum and was infatuated by the field of technology from an early age. I remember my father buying us a computer, which was not a given. I shared the computer with my brothers,” Nvidia VP software engineering Ali Ayoub told Globes technology editor Assaf Gilead at the Globes Putting the North at the Center Conference held in cooperation with Bank Leumi and Strauss Group.

Nvidia VP Ali Ayoub credit: Cadya Levy

Ayoub spoke about AI and if it will replace engineers and juniors, how to hire employees in the North, how to integrate Arab society into tech professions, Nvidia’s cooperation with academia, and how he reached his current position at Nvidia. Ayoub’s path to Nvidia VP included several stages: he earned a degree in computer engineering at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, worked at Mellanox, moved to the US where he worked at Google and founded a startup, and after 10 years he returned to Israel and Mellanox, and remained there even after the acquisition of Nvidia. At the US chip giant, he founded the DOCA feature group and today manages hundreds of employees at Nvidia in Israel and around the world. He is also cofounder of the HAAT food delivery company.

When asked why he chose to return to Israel, he replied: “People usually ask why I left the center of the country and came to the north. I left the center of the world, Silicon Valley, and returned to the north. This is home. In high-tech, they always talk about the importance of work-life balance, the north is ‘life’, and also being close to family and Nvidia is ‘work’. For me, the stars aligned and looking back, this is one of the best decisions I made.”

Nvidia is to build a large development center in Kiryat Tivon over the next decade for 8,000-10,000 employees. Why in the north and specifically in Kiryat Tivon?

“The north has excellent human capital, and tech companies are really looking for the best. In the north, first of all, there are very good universities. Also in general, if you want to find good people, it is worth looking where others are less likely to look. In Nvidia’s eyes, the north is a place with excellent human capital and a place for growth, and it is no coincidence that they chose Tivon. From our point of view, there is raw material here and it is full of talent that we would be very happy to recruit to Nvidia to reach even further and greater growth. In my opinion, not only is there talent here, but also untapped talent here.”

Can you expand about Nvidia’s activities in Israel?

“Nvidia Israel, which employs 5,000, is the company’s biggest branch worldwide outside the US. The employees are the nervous system of data centers. They focus on the field of networking and the transformation of AI. Nvidia makes the GPU (graphics processing unit), the AI engine, and if hundreds of GPUs were once enough to build AI data centers, today thousands are needed. They must be connected to a very fast network, and this is where Nvidia Israel comes in. We provide these fast networks. This is the beating heart of the AI revolution not only in Israel, but around the world.”

How do you hire employees in the North?

“Firstly, you have to believe that they exist, look for them and then find them. It’s a matter of cause and effect. In all kinds of jobs, not just in high-tech, there is a lot of stress on the balance between work and home. The North brings the home part and we have to work on the work part. So, companies must set up branches here and focus on here and create the opportunity to work in quality jobs. This is, in my opinion, the number one element that will keep people here. Nvidia does not see the North as a periphery but sees it as the center of the AI revolution, and you have to believe in it and see it and when you look, you find it.”

Are you working with universities in order to build a pool of employees in the future?

“For us, universities are not just a collaboration, but complement us. This is not done as a favor to the universities, but we want to bring the best to us. Personally, every two months, there is a high school or school that comes to visit. It starts even before the universities.”

Ayoub spoke about collaboration with the universities: “We work very closely with them. This is reflected in job fairs, and we have a program that provides AI tools to lecturers and students, and this brings us very close together.”

On the change required in universities and the integration of AI tools, he said, “I think universities are changing. They also turn to us and we suggest how to change the syllabus and courses. The juniors and students we hire do an excellent job and integrate into AI very quickly. We take people when they have the basic tools, and we do the education and use of AI tools within the company.”

On the difficulty of juniors finding tech jobs, he said, “We hire a lot of juniors and we are at the center of the AI revolution that will require more work. We need to hire people. The reason we are doing this is because we believe in juniors and do not believe that AI will replace them.”

“Whoever doesn’t use AI will get left behind”

You are Nvidia VP software engineering, and this is the area most vulnerable to the impact of AI. There are companies where employees and programmers have not programmed for six months. Do you believe that the programmer will be replaced by AI?

“Not at all. AI will not replace the engineer, but any engineer who does not use AI will be replaced by another engineer who does use it. Almost every engineer at Nvidia uses AI. Things that take weeks to do alone, today can be done in days or hours. It is such an essential tool that anyone who does not use it will be left behind. AI will certainly create new jobs for those who look at it from the right angle.”

What would you recommend to your young children when they grow up to study: software or electrical engineering?

“You cannot do one without the other. I studied software and work in it, but the software I make is software that complements the hardware. The hardware is the body and the software is the mind. You cannot have a body without a mind and vice versa. They complement each other.”

You have previously told me that when you were growing up, your family took it very hard that you went to study computer engineering.

“My parents wanted me to be a doctor, maybe to this day,” laughs Ayoub. “I remember when I wanted to enroll in school, there was the option to give two majors. But I asserted myself, and I only registered the first major.”

How has Arab society changed in recent years and how easy is it for young people to integrate into the tech industry?

“We see them at the Technion, but many give up after their degree and go do other things. But still, almost 16% of the students today in technology subjects are from Arab society. At the Technion, close to 20% of students are Arab, which is very close to the percentage of the population. 50% of Arab students are female students, and this representation we are very proud of. Tech companies are looking for diversity and we see it as a blessing and something good that brings better products.”

Ayoub stresses that more work is needed because there are not many entrepreneurs from Arab society: “Today there is more openness and exposure to technology and we need more role models to say ‘When I grow up, I will be a tech professional’. I think it is happening, but we need to give it more push.”

Full disclosure: The conference was held in cooperation with Bank Leumi and Strauss Group, and sponsored by Aura Investments, Tel-Hai Academic College, Propdo, and with the participation of Netivei Israel National Transport Infrastructure Co.

Patent registration involves prestige as well as significant money. Commercial companies file patents and reap major profits, but academic institutions also benefit from the innovations developed by their researchers.

Israel holds a respected position in this arena, and for the fifth consecutive year, the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology ranked among the Top 100 institutions for U.S. patent approvals.

The latest ranking places the Technion first in Israel, second in Europe, and within the list of the world’s 100 leading institutions for U.S. patent approvals in 2025. The Technion ranked 81st globally, with 46 patents approved during the year, and was the only Israeli university to make the Top 100. The top spot went to the governing body of the University of California.

The Technion’s approved patents span a wide range of fields, from artificial intelligence to 3D-printed structures, from smart drug delivery systems to advanced materials and quantum computing technologies.

Prof. Yuval Grofeni, Deputy President for Innovation and Industry Relations, said: “The Technion’s continued success at the forefront of patent approvals is a credit to our faculty members and their students, who constantly strive for excellence. Many invest not only in high-level research but also in translating their work into technologies and products that positively impact quality of life.”

The patent rankings are published by the National Academy of Inventors (NAI). The organization notes that U.S. patent registration enables academic and other institutions to convert original technologies into competitive products in the global market and make a tangible impact on consumers. The NAI ranking is based on data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for 2025 and includes 100 institutions and approximately 10,000 patents.

Rona Samler, CEO of T3, the Technion’s technology transfer unit responsible for patent evaluation and licensing, added: “Behind every patent stands deep scientific thinking, and behind every licensing decision — responsibility for generating real-world value. T3 is tasked not only with managing patents but also with transforming knowledge into innovation through commercialization and company formation, thereby serving society, strengthening the economy, and contributing to the resilience and prosperity of Israel and the world.”

A research team from the Technion’s Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering has developed an original technology for treating cancer using nanoparticles that carry no drugs at all, and has demonstrated its effectiveness against particularly dangerous and stubborn tumors

An innovative technology developed by researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology could lead to a fundamental shift in the cancer treatment paradigm. They created advanced nanoparticles that successfully halt aggressive triple-negative breast cancer tumours – without releasing a single drug molecule. The particles operate through a sophisticated interaction with the immune system, changing the rules of the game by delivering a biological message to the tumour microenvironment and to immune system cells.

Published in ACS Nano, the study was led by Ph.D. candidate Ofri Vizenblit, with the assistance of Ph.D. candidate Rawan Mhajne, under the supervision of Assistant Professor Assaf Zinger, head of the Bioinspired Nano Engineering and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory in the Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering.

Triple-negative breast cancer is considered one of the most aggressive and difficult cancers to treat. It is characterized by rapid progression and high resistance to conventional therapies. The new paradigm change presented by Technion researchers is based on a revolutionary approach: instead of attacking the cancer cells themselves, it targets the environment in which they exist and develop.

Cancer cells employ a range of “strategies” to evade the immune system, which is supposed to identify and destroy them. One of the central strategies is recruiting immune cells to their side. In such cases, white blood cells known as macrophages –whose role is to protect the body – are “hijacked” by the tumour, support its growth, and prevent the immune system from attacking it effectively.

The nanoparticles developed by the Technion researchers, called MPsomes, act as a biological decoy. They compete with immune cells for binding sites in the tumor microenvironment and block the access of harmful cells to the tumor. The particles were tested in cell cultures and in preclinical mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. The experimental results showed that the particles accumulate in exceptionally high concentrations around the tumor and inhibit its growth with effectiveness comparable to that of existing treatments.

An additional advantage highlighted by the researchers is manufacturability: the process developed at the Technion enables the production of approximately 20 ml of nanoparticles per minute (about 1.2 liters per hour). Moreover, the particle base is composed largely of materials that are recognised by the FDA as Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS), a factor that may facilitate the transition to clinical trials and ultimately to medical use.

The results were particularly surprising: in pre-clinical experiments, the particles not only accumulated in the tumor but also inhibited its growth like the effects of advanced immunotherapies currently approved for clinical use, all without drugs, without chemotherapy, and without antibodies.

“This is a conceptual shift,” the researchers explained. “The therapeutic efficacy does not stem from the release of an active substance, but from the biological information encoded on the surface of the nanoparticle.” In other words, it is the interaction with the immune system itself that triggers the therapeutic effect.

Beyond inhibiting tumour growth, the researchers showed that the particles alter the composition of immune cells in the tumour environment: fewer cells that promote tumour development and more cells that attack it. In addition, no signs of toxicity were observed in vital organs.

The research is still at the preclinical stage and has so far been tested only in mouse models. Nevertheless, the researchers hope that in the future it will be possible to advance to clinical trials in humans and perhaps open the door to a new generation of cancer therapies, ones that do not rely on drugs at all.

Assistant Professor Assaf Zinger earned his bachelor’s degree from the Technion Faculty of Biomedical Engineering and his Ph.D. from the Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering. He returned to the Wolfson Faculty as a faculty member in October 2021 after completing a postdoctoral fellowship at Houston Methodist Hospital in Texas. Ofri Vizenblit, also a graduate of the Technion Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, joined Zinger’s laboratory immediately after completing her bachelor’s degree, and the current paper is part of her doctoral research. “Although we focused here on a specific type of cancer,” concluded Dr. Zinger, “this is a paradigmatic breakthrough that can lead to the development of new therapeutic platforms that are more effective and safer. I sincerely hope we will find the path to bring this invention to the clinic.”

The research was supported by the Israel Cancer Research Fund (ICRF), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the European Union (ERC Starting Grant), the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology (MOST), the Israel Cancer Association, the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute at the Technion, and the Alon and Seiden Fellowships in nanotechnology and optoelectronics.