Israeli startup ZyG, founded by alumni of ironSource, has raised $60 million in a Series A round at a valuation of $500 million. The round comes just a year after the company’s founding and shortly after it emerged from stealth, bringing total funding to $118 million.

The financing was led by Accel, with participation from existing investors including Lightspeed Venture Partners, Viola Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners, Access Industries (Clal Tech), Stardom Ventures, Emerge, Disruptive AI, and Jibe. New investors Felix Capital, O.G. Venture Partners, QP Ventures, and Wiz CEO Assaf Rappaport also joined the round. Sonali De Rycker, partner at Accel, will join the company’s board of directors.

ZyG was recently ranked fourth in Calcalist’s list of most promising startups for 2026.

The company was founded in 2025 by a group of former ironSource executives and employees following the company’s sale to Unity. Its founders include Tomer Bar-Zeev (Chairman), Omer Kaplan (CEO), Assaf Ben Ami (CFO & COO), Nadav Ashkenazy, and Daniel Shinar, alongside cybersecurity and artificial intelligence experts from Unit 81: Dr. Eyal Amitt, Omri Steinmetz, and Guy Tsur. The company currently employs 65 people.

ZyG has developed a platform aimed at addressing key challenges in the e-commerce sector through artificial intelligence. The system identifies products with high growth potential using advanced data models, assigning each a proprietary “ZyG Score.”

For products that receive a high score, the platform functions as an end-to-end operating system, managing the full lifecycle of scaling a product. This includes building online stores, developing brands, creating advertising campaigns, executing digital marketing strategies, optimising search and AI-driven discovery, working with influencers, handling customer acquisition and retention, and improving logistics, all within a unified platform.

“Shopify and Amazon opened the door for anyone who wants to start selling online. But shifting from selling to scaling remains overwhelmingly complex. It forces founders to manage fragmented tools, siloed data, and the many teams or agencies needed to execute every aspect of scale,” said Omer Kaplan, CEO and Co-Founder of ZyG. “ZyG OS flips that model with an end-to-end solution that solves the entire problem, not pieces of it. With a complex agentic infrastructure, ZyG OS executes the endless elements needed to scale, freeing founders to focus on building great products.”

The 4-kilogram CloudCT satellite, built through an international project involving the Weizmann Institute, Technion and Germany’s Center for Telematics, will test AI-based cloud tomography technology ahead of a planned 10-satellite constellation

The first tiny satellite in an Israeli-German research satellite network, CloudCT, has been built, tested and prepared for launch from California. The launch is expected in June.

The success of the pioneering mission is expected to pave the way for the launch of 10 additional CloudCT satellites next year and advance research into clouds and their role in the climate.

The satellite is the product of seven years of intensive joint research by Israeli and German scientists from the Weizmann Institute of Science, led by Prof. Ilan Koren; the Technion, led by Prof. Yoav Schechner; and the Center for Telematics in Germany, led by Prof. Klaus Schilling.

The achievement was made possible by a prestigious ERC Synergy research grant from the European Research Council. Discoveries by the international research team on AI-based tomographic observation methods, cloud physics and advances in satellite technology have been published in leading scientific journals.

מערכת CloudCT

“The mission focuses on in-depth study of small clouds, which are often not observed by current remote-sensing technologies,” said Koren, a world-renowned expert in atmospheric and climate research. “The mission addresses significant sources of uncertainty that currently limit long-term climate models and forecasts.”

Researchers said that after flight tests, the pioneer satellite will test its innovative sensing technology from orbit. The satellite weighs only about 4 kilograms and must autonomously tilt itself toward specific cloud fields.

ודים חולודובסקי ופרופ' יואב שכנר בחדר הנקי במכון אשר לחקר החלל עם המערכת שבנו כדי לבדוק ולכייל את מצלמת CloudCT

“Precise aiming and coordination between 10 tiny satellites flying in formation in space are significant challenges for such small guidance and control systems,” said Schilling, president of the Center for Telematics and an expert in small-satellite development. “This is the key to autonomous formation flying.”

פרופ' אילן קורן

The group developed an entirely new observation approach inspired by medical CT, or computed tomography. The method maps the internal structure and properties of clouds in three dimensions, including unprecedented measurements of the microphysics of cloud droplets. It uses AI and allows scientists to assess the reliability of the mapping.

“Optical CT of clouds requires simultaneous images from many directions in space, using a unique camera,” said Schechner, an expert in computational photography. “The camera is sensitive to light polarization: polarization is invisible to the human eye but provides information about cloud droplets. The camera was developed especially for CloudCT, and we will test its performance in space in the upcoming mission.”

A historic Independence Day achievement for the six members of Israel’s student delegation, trained at the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry at the Technion

A historic accomplishment was achieved by the six members of Israel’s student delegation, all of whom won medals at the International Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad held in Moscow. The 60th anniversary of the Mendeleev Olympiad was marked this year with a particularly impressive event, featuring 35 countries and 165 participants. The six students were trained at the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry at the Technion.

Members of the delegation:

  • Itamar Ben Shmuel (Ramat Gan), a 12th-grade student at Hakfar Hayarok – Gold Medal (5th place in the world!)
  • Daniel Granovsky (Holon), an 11th-grade student at Pinhas Ayalon High School – Silver Medal
  • Yehonadav Marienberg (Mazkeret Batya), an 11th-grade student at Yeshivat Har Etzion for Young Men, Alon Shvut – Silver Medal
  • Yogev Cohen Ben Zaken (Tzoran), a 12th-grade student at Hakfar Hayarok – Bronze Medal
  • Yoav Pripaz Cohen (Ramat Gan), a 12th-grade student at Ohel Shem High School – Bronze Medal
  • Noam Margulies (Petah Tikva), an 11th-grade student at Moshe Arens High School – Bronze Medal
The Closing Ceremony Israel’s Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad Delegation 2026
The Closing Ceremony Israel’s Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad Delegation 2026

The delegation was accompanied by Itamar Steinitz, head of the delegation, an Olympiad medalist and instructor in Israel’s Chemistry Olympiad team, who holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry and linguistics; and Guy Zimmerman, an Olympiad medalist, an outstanding instructor in the national team, who holds a dual bachelor’s degree in chemistry and physics, and is a master’s student in chemistry.

Prof. Zeev Gross, academic director of the program, who joined the delegation, said: “It is hard to imagine a more moving event at this time than a competition that began the day after Holocaust Remembrance Day and concluded at noon on Independence Day, with the announcement that all six members of the Israeli delegation had won medals and their ascent to the stage with the Israeli flag.”

The closing and medal ceremonies were attended by two representatives from the Israeli Embassy in Moscow: political advisor Shir Hasson and embassy spokesperson Alexandra Zakhary.

The Closing Ceremony Israel’s Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad Delegation 2026

The students underwent intensive training during this challenging year under head coach Dr. Reut Shapira and the dedicated coaching team: Dr. Yuri Andreev, Dr. Slava Kutuzov, laboratory manager Dr. Idan Avigdori, educational advisor Shir Kagan, and past Olympiad medalists Asaf Moadah, Guy Zimmerman, Sean Hantz, Maxim Sevostyanov, Omer Ben Ami, Noya Dishon, and Yonatan Gontmacher.

The Closing Ceremony Israel’s Mendeleev Chemistry Olympiad Delegation 2026

The high school Olympiad project is a joint initiative of the Future Scientists Center (Maimonides Fund) and the Ministry of Education. The Technion was selected as the academic institution responsible for selecting and training the students who form the core of the delegation. Training takes place at the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry in close collaboration with the faculty’s academic and administrative staff.

Rafael Benodis is 19 years old. He made aliyah on his own from France in November 2024, leaving his parents behind while joining his grandparents and extended family in Israel.

Growing up, Rafael witnessed the rise of antisemitism in France and across Europe. He realized he did not want his future children to grow up in that reality.

On October 7, his cousin, Natan Hai Liar z”l, fought like a lion in Kerem Shalom and fell heroically. At the same time, as pro-Palestinian demonstrations spread across France, Rafael understood he had no other choice; he had to come home.

At first, his parents were in shock. Rafael had left behind demanding engineering studies in France, and his father initially refused to support his decision. Over time, however, they came to understand that it was the right path for him.

Today, Rafael is part of an academic program and is pursuing a combined degree in electrical engineering and physics at the Technion.

Adjusting was not easy. One of his biggest challenges was reaching the level of students who had grown up in Israel. He often had to revisit lectures multiple times to fully grasp the material, gradually finding a study pace that allowed him to succeed.

Learning Hebrew from scratch was another major hurdle, but one he embraced. He studied at an ulpan at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and chose to live with Israeli roommates from different backgrounds, an experience that helped him quickly adapt to both the language and the culture.

Through his program and participation in the Anières Program — an honors program for outstanding students — Rafael has connected with peers from across Israel and around the world, gaining a deeper understanding of Israeli society in all its diversity. He was also struck by how Israelis take initiative from a young age, whether through travel, work, or volunteering.

This year marks Rafael’s second Independence Day, one of his favorite days. He plans to celebrate with flags and friends in front of the Western Wall in Jerusalem.

One of his most meaningful moments came during last year’s celebrations there, when he realized that the Jewish people have no other place in the world but Israel.

Every morning, Rafael feels confident he made the right choice. He hopes that Jews living abroad will one day feel the same and choose to return home.

On the eve of Israel’s 78th Independence Day, Prof. Uri Sivan says the Technion sees ‘Israel’s security, Israel’s economy, and Israel’s society’ as central to its work, even as war, reserve duty and academic boycotts test the institution’s resilience

As Israel remains at war and many of its students continue to cycle between campus and reserve duty, those guiding them see their mission extending beyond academic excellence alone to include the needs of the state itself.

Speaking ahead of Israel’s 78th Independence Day, Technion President Prof. Uri Sivan says the country’s flagship engineering school has long seen itself as part of the state’s national backbone.

Interview with Technion President Prof. Uri Sivan

“We consider Israel’s security, Israel’s economy and Israel’s society as part of our mission,” Sivan said in an interview with ynet Global. “It’s not that anybody imposed that on us. But that’s how we feel.”

Sivan, who has led the Technion since 2019, said the answer came into focus after he was asked early in his presidency what makes the institution different from other universities in Israel and from elite engineering schools in the United States.

At first, he said, he thought of the usual measures: research, rankings, Nobel laureates and teaching. But eventually he concluded there was a third dimension.

“Every morning when I sit at my desk, I have Israel’s security, Israel’s economy and Israel’s society on my mind,” he said. “It dictates many of my decisions. So we’re mission driven.”

The Technion, which opened in 1924, predates the state of Israel by roughly a quarter-century. For Sivan, that history helps explain why the institution still sees itself as carrying responsibilities beyond campus.

Among the university’s many contributions, Sivan pointed to Nobel Prize-winning research, drug development linked to the work of its laureates and the Ziv-Lempel data compression algorithm. But when asked which Technion-linked innovation stands out most to him, he chose something simpler.

“My favorite is actually the simplest one,” he said. “And that’s drip irrigation, just a plastic hose and pores that don’t clog.”

Calling it a world-changing innovation, Sivan said it now helps feed “over 1 billion people in arid areas around the globe.”

The interview came against the backdrop of war, which has disrupted daily life across Israel but, Sivan said, has not stopped the university’s work. He said the Technion has never shut its doors during major wars, from World War II to the present day. “Technion never closed its doors,” he said.

That continuity, he said, reflects both the institution’s commitment to the state and the demands placed on it by Israeli society. “Israel depends on our engineers, on our scientists, medical doctors, architects, educators,” Sivan said.

But he also acknowledged the toll of war on students called up for reserve duty. Drawing on his own experience as a reserve pilot during the 1982 war, Sivan recalled returning briefly for final exams and feeling disconnected from ordinary life.

“I remember this feeling of being strange to the rest of the world because reality just goes on,” he said. “Your colleagues who stayed in the university just kept studying.”

That memory, he said, has shaped the university’s response to thousands of reservists among its student body. “I know exactly how those reservists feel,” Sivan said. “We are committed to making it work so that one’s not an obstacle to the other and that’s remarkable here. We owe them.”

He said the university’s priority has been to keep those students from falling off track academically while also expanding emotional and psychological support. “The most important thing was just to keep them on track,” he said. “We supported them financially … we put together an extensive academic support system. We essentially tailor the curriculum for each of them.”

הטכניון
The Technion (Photo: Shutterstock)

The Technion also expanded psychological services and trained staff to identify trauma and post-trauma symptoms, he said, adding, “We try to provide, to embrace them, to provide them with an extensive support.”

Sivan also described the university as having a broader obligation beyond Israel’s borders, particularly at a time of rising antisemitism on campuses abroad. “We always considered ourselves as the engineering school of the Jewish people, not just the state of Israel,” he said.

In response, he said, the Technion has opened opportunities for students and faculty from abroad and launched a first-year program in English for those seeking what he called an “antisemitism-free environment.”

At the same time, he said, academic boycotts and hostility toward Israeli institutions remain a serious concern. “This is a major challenge for us because academia depends on collaboration, academic exchange of ideas, and so on,” Sivan said. “Openness and inclusivity is part of the academic spirit.”

Rather than retreat, he said, the Technion is to blunt the damage by deepening formal partnerships abroad and expanding its ties to industry. He pointed to the Resnick-backed collaborative science program with Caltech and to the longstanding Cornell partnership, including Cornell Tech and the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute in New York, as examples of alliances meant to preserve research exchange and joint innovation even as parts of the academic world grow more hostile to Israeli institutions.

The pressure, he suggested, is not merely theoretical: in New York politics, Zohran Mamdani has called for a boycott of Cornell Tech because of its ties to the Technion, explicitly framing the issue through BDS logic. “It’s painful,” Sivan said, “but we are trying to mitigate those.”

His final summary of the institution’s stance was terse and unmistakable. “We are very stubborn,” he said.

Jacob Nagel on the U.S.-Israel War With Iran:
Threats, Strategy, and an Unprecedented Alliance

Prof. Jacob Nagel is a brigadier general (res.) and former acting national security adviser and head of Israel’s National Security Council. He has twice chaired government-appointed Nagel Committees, including the most recent commission established after the October 7 Hamas attack, which delivered strategic and budgetary recommendations to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the IDF’s force buildup and long-term defense posture. A key figure behind Israel’s decision to develop the Iron Dome missile defense system, he is currently a professor at the Technion, where he heads the Center for Security Science and Technology and leads advanced defense research initiatives.

In a candid webinar held nine days after the war with Iran began, Brig. Gen. (res.) Prof. Jacob Nagel offered a sobering assessment, outlining what he described as the regime’s core threats, Israel’s military and intelligence achievements, and the cooperation between Israel and the United States.

Nagel began by defining what he called the four central threats posed by Iran — not only to Israel, but to the entire Middle East, the U.S., and the wider world. “The four main threats are, of course, the nuclear capability; ballistic missiles — including, in the future, intercontinental ballistic missiles; UAVs, drones, and cruise missiles; and continuous terror support by the Iranian regime,” he said. A fifth danger, he added, is “the threat of depressing the Iranian people,” as the regime diverts national wealth away from its citizens and toward military aggression and terror proxies.

At the heart of Nagel’s analysis was the conviction that military action alone is insufficient if the regime itself remains in place. “If the regime stays, after we finish this round, we’ll have to do it again,” he warned. “Maybe not in eight months — maybe in 18 months — but we’ll have to do it again.” For Nagel, success must be measured not only by battlefield achievements but by whether those gains endure.

He acknowledged that there are nuanced differences between Israeli and American leadership styles but stressed that strategic alignment remains firm. “The cooperation between Israel and the United States is unprecedented,” Nagel emphasized, spanning intelligence sharing, operational planning, technology, and logistics.

Nagel pointed to Iran’s energy sector as a central vulnerability. Oil and gas revenues, he noted, fund the regime’s military ambitions and terror activities. “Instead of taking this money for their people and making Iran one of the most flourishing countries in the world, they are making it one of the poorest and one of the worst places to live,” he said. Decisions around whether and how deeply to target Iran’s economic infrastructure are complex, but potentially transformative.

Reflecting on the opening days of the war, Nagel described what he called three major achievements thus far. The first was operational capability: air power, intelligence, space technology, communications, and logistical support working in concert. The second was political and international coordination, particularly the deepening partnership between Jerusalem and Washington. The third, and in his view most consequential, was intelligence superiority.

“It’s not magic,” Nagel said of Israel’s intelligence achievements. “It’s 10, 15, sometimes 20 years of very specific work.” Thousands of people, he explained, labor behind the scenes to ensure readiness long before conflict erupts. Iran, he argued, failed to grasp the depth of that capability.

“Israel surprised Iran,” he said. “They learned a lot about technology, but they didn’t learn about our intelligence superiority.”

BRIG. GEN (RES.) PROF. JACOB NAGEL

Nagel also highlighted the Technion’s central role in underpinning Israel’s technological edge. Many of the systems deployed today, he noted, began development more than a decade ago and were advanced by Technion alumni working across Israel’s defense and technology sectors. “I’ll be humble,” he said, “but I know that about 80% of all defense technologies were developed by Technion graduates.”

From air-defense systems such as Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and Arrow to emerging laser technology, Nagel stressed that innovation saves lives. “People said Iron Dome would never work,” he recalled. “It works. It saves lives.”

On the diplomatic front, Nagel described constant, high-level coordination between Israeli and American leaders, underscoring the depth of consultation shaping decisions on both strategy and timing. While not willing to elaborate, Nagel also mentioned implicit messages being sent to China, Russia, and North Korea, and the strategic importance of Taiwan.

While much of his focus was on Iran, Nagel also turned briefly to Lebanon, arguing that Hezbollah’s actions have backfired strategically. “If I were an investor looking for ROI,” he said, “the worst investment Iran ever made is in its terror organizations.”

Hezbollah’s failure to decisively aid Iran during last June’s 12‑day conflict, he suggested, altered regional calculations and opened new — if fragile — possibilities for change. By entering the war now, Hezbollah “dug themselves into a deep hole,” he said, giving Israel “the legitimacy to attack deeply into Lebanon.” As a result, Lebanon’s prime minister, for the first time in the country’s history, appealed to Europe and the U.S. to help broker direct peace negotiations with Israel.

Nagel closed with a stark reminder. Iran’s leadership, he believes, is unlikely to surrender voluntarily.

“Only the people of Iran can take the country from them… and they can’t do it alone.”

Whether that moment comes soon or far later remains uncertain, but for Israel and its allies, preparation, unity, and long-term resolve are essential.

Hear from Brig. Gen (res.) Prof. Jacob Nagel directly in this webinar recording.

Soon after the attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023, N.M. was called to the south to help secure the kibbutzim and other communities near the Gaza border, and to rescue those who may have been wounded or hiding in fear. The operation was the nation’s top priority. For N. it was the start of what he calls “a second reality.”

“Since that day, every person in Israel has had to mix normal life with war, and I am no different.” He was both a reserve combat soldier, who served more than 250 days on the front, and a Technion computer science undergrad — in that order. “From the quiet of the classroom I suddenly found myself back in uniform fighting in Gaza,” he said.

His first mission was to clear the southern communities of Hamas, to bring back control and a sense of security for the civilians who lived there. “We moved house by house, making sure there were no more terrorists and that people could be evacuated or return safely.”

But as he walked through the ruins of burnt kibbutzim and bullet-riddled cars, he thought about the victims: “What did they feel? What were they going through in those moments when it all happened? You look at their belongings and try to guess, ‘Who is this family whose table is set for the holiday?’ You look at that table and pray that the army managed to reach the house before the enemy did.”

Later, when Hamas was pushed back and the situation was more stable, N. and his unit helped the IDF prepare for the ground invasion in Gaza. This meant fighting in several hot spots to ensure Israel’s soldiers could move as safely as possible. “For me, this period was about doing everything I could to protect my country and the people who live here.”

Even those not in uniform experienced fear and hardships. His partner stayed home, “but she went through a lot of loneliness, worry, and a strong feeling that she had no control over what was happening,” he said. “Of course, she was also afraid to lose me.”

Soldiers in his unit were given only a few minutes every few days to talk with their family, and these calls were often quite emotional. N. recalled struggling to sound calm on the phone when war was exploding around him. “When I think about the impact of the war, I see not only the soldiers at the front, but also the families who stand behind us and pay a very heavy price in silence.”

All the while, N. felt divided between his academics and the reality of war. “The Technion became a kind of ‘second reality,’ a picture of normal life inside the chaos,” he said. Taking books with him to the front, he said, “I tried to stay connected to my future by studying in short breaks. It was a way to hold on to normal life and to the future I am building.”

Returning to campus also was not easy. “Life resumed. Students filled the corridors, the coffee shops were busy, exams returned to the calendar. But inside, I carried memories, worries, and the names of friends who were still in uniform or who did not come back.”

The Technion stood by him as it did for all returning soldiers, making special adjustments such as providing extra exam dates, help with catching up on material he missed, and access to recordings of lectures.

“I never felt that I was left alone to choose between serving my country and pursuing my education.”

In Israel, serving in the military is a lifelong commitment. N. has learned to integrate its challenges into the whole of his life — and is hopeful. “You learn to tell the people you love that you love them, and how important they are to you … And to not lose faith that a better future is waiting,” he said.

“Continuing my degree is another way to protect and strengthen Israel, this time with knowledge and innovation instead of a rifle.”

In addition to fatigue and increased hunger, living with constant sleep deprivation and stress has other effects, some long-term. Experts explain the risks – and how to limit the damage, or at least some of it

By now, this has become a daily challenge: how many hours of sleep can one get in a night riddled with air-raid alerts, racing to shelter and attempts at shuteye before being woken up again. And not just how many hours in total, but also how long one can sleep uninterrupted. All this comes before the real challenge – staying awake during the day, functioning as normally as possible and perhaps even forgetting – until the next siren – that this is an open-ended state of emergency. 

This reality has direct and indirect health implications, some immediate and clearly felt in the ability to function and in planning and concentration. In the longer run, this stressful reality, marked by constant alertness and sleep deprivation, could have a cumulative effect on other bodily systems, including the immune and cardiovascular systems, as well as mental health. 

“The professional term for what has been happening now is ‘sleep deprivation’ due to air-raid alerts,” says Prof. Yaron Dagan. “This deprivation harms two main things: one is cognitive – that is to say, everything related to thinking, perception, problem-solving, concentration and memory; the other is emotional – people are gloomier, less patient, and generally in a worse mood, which sometimes results in reckless decision-making.”

Dagan, director of the Institute for Sleep Medicine at Assuta Medical Centers, explains that healthy sleep is crucial for waking life, particularly for our cognitive system, “which reboots brain memory in order to clear it for the next 24 hours. This activity takes place in several areas in the brain, and without uninterrupted or adequate sleep – the processes served by sleep are impaired.” One stage of sleep, he emphasises, is crucial for emotional processing, learning and memory formation. “This stage occurs in 90-minute cycles, and with sleep deprivation it’s disrupted, affecting our thinking and behaviour when awake.”

Is there anything that can be done, considering that it is entirely unclear how long this routine will continue? Perhaps a nap here and there? “In principle, sleep is not a bank – you cannot not sleep for a week and then fill the deficit by sleeping for a week,” says Dagan. “What we recommend is what’s called a ‘combat nap’ – a planned 30-45-minute nap to replenish your batteries. Even if someone can’t doze off, simply lying down, closing one’s eyes and relaxing is enough. This is the best way to deal with this sleep deprivation. It cannot fully replace nighttime sleep, but it certainly helps you feel refreshed.” 

Proper or healthy sleep is not just a matter of quantity; uninterrupted sleep is just as important as getting enough hours. “Sleep that is too short or interrupted – both have the same effects and cause the same harm as sleep deprivation,” explains Prof. Giora Pillar, head of the sleep clinic in Clalit Health Services’ Haifa District and sleep researcher at the Technion’s Faculty of Medicine. “There have been studies on this. In one, students were allowed to sleep for eight hours, but their sleep was interrupted. The damage was found to be the same.” 

A vicious cycle

The immediate effects are not limited to fatigue and exhaustion. Along with sleep deprivation, unending stress is not only mental but also physiological, affecting many bodily systems. When a person remains alert for an extended period, high levels of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline are secreted. Chronic exposure to these hormones can harm the immune system, increase inflammation and blood pressure and impair cardiovascular function. In addition, stress has been linked to sleep disorders (creating a vicious cycle) and to the worsening of chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes, as well as to an increased risk of heart disease. Over time, this condition may erode physiological systems and cause an overall deterioration in health. 

Over the past two and a half years, with one operation following another and one air-raid siren after another, stress has become a familiar term. In general, it refers to a physical and emotional reaction to threatening or dangerous situations – not just wartime or physical danger, but also everyday pressures such as work overload, mental overload or difficulties in other aspects of life. In today’s reality, however, it’s almost impossible to isolate stress from sleep deprivation. “Stress is a mediating factor,” says Prof. Pillar. “It causes sleeplessness in itself, as well as many other complications.” 

In many respects, the symptoms of stress and sleep deprivation overlap or reinforce one another. In part, this connection is evident in eating patterns. Like stress, sleep deprivation is a risk factor. When sleep is reduced, levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone) soar, while levels of leptin (the satiety hormone) fall. The result is increased hunger, especially for high-calorie, sugary and fatty foods. A 2004 study released by researchers from the University of Chicago demonstrated this clearly. The researchers hypothesised, based on their findings, that the body interprets sleep deprivation as a state of energy deficit – even if that’s not exactly the case.

Chronic overeating under such conditions can lead to weight gain, increased insulin resistance and a higher risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disorders. In addition, ongoing caloric excess, driven by fatigue, also hinders the body’s ability to regulate metabolism and balance energy. 

And the list of risks does not end there. According to Pillar, sleep deprivation also affects the immune system. “Sleepless patients or patients who sleep poorly, that is to say: people who suffer from chronic sleep disorders, are already suffering from irreversible complications,” he warns. “We will see higher rates of high blood pressure, more cases of metabolic syndromes, more diabetes, more obesity, more strokes and more cancer.” 

To a certain extent, these symptoms are reversible, as reality has proven. “Soldiers who sleep too little and then sleep through the weekend are not at risk in the long term,” Pillar illustrates. “Medical interns who sometimes work two 26-hour shifts a week make up for lost sleep and don’t develop long-term complications. That is to say, it’s reversible – up to a point.” 

However, given the current reality, which has already lasted more than a week and even a fortnight, the question becomes where the line lies beyond which the damage becomes irreversible, or only partly reversible. This is a crucial question. “We are already seeing patients whose diabetes is no longer balanced,” he says, “or who have high blood pressure.” 

A 2016 study published in the International Journal of Cardiology found a clear link between sleep duration and coronary heart disease. The findings indicate that people who sleep seven to eight hours per night are at low risk, with every one-hour reduction associated with an 11 percent increase in the risk of heart disease. These findings were reaffirmed last November in another study, published in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, which indicated that people who sleep six hours or less are at almost twice the risk of dying from kidney or heart disease compared with those who sleep longer. 

An immune system out of balance

Over the past two decades, many studies have examined the link between sleep quality and immune system function. Among other findings, people who sleep less than six hours a night produce fewer antibodies after vaccination; on the morning after a sleepless night, a significant increase is seen in the production of inflammatory cytokines – proteins secreted by immune cells in response to infection or injury; and, in general, proper sleep strengthens anti-inflammatory and anti-viral reactions, while inflammatory signals from the immune system affect the structure and depth of sleep.

According to a 2019 study published in Nature Reviews Immunology, sleep deprivation increases activity in the sympathetic nervous system (responsible for the body’s response in situations of threat and danger), which in turn raises stress hormone levels and releases inflammatory cytokines. It was found that in chronic sleep disorders, the overall level of inflammation in the body increases, while antiviral responses grow weaker. 

“Sleep deprivation is documented as one of the main biological factors affecting the immune system (when not diseased),” says Prof. Cyrille Cohen, head of the laboratory of immunology and immunotherapy and dean of Bar-Ilan University’s Faculty of Life Sciences. “In principle, conditions such as stress and sleep deprivation do not weaken every component in the immune system but rather cause an imbalance in its function.” He says this may manifest in several ways. “For instance, you’re at a slightly higher risk of certain infections, mainly respiratory – and the recovery process may also be slower.” However, Cohen emphasizes that “the effect is usually mild, and varies greatly from person to person.”

In 2011, Cornell entered into an academic partnership with the Technion — Israel Institute of Technology to compete for an ambitious goal: build an innovative New York City campus to educate a new generation of tech leaders, conduct breakthrough research and development, inspire startups and propel the city to becoming a global hub for the tech industry. Beating national competitors in the bidding process, Cornell and the Technion won the opportunity to create Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island. Without the Technion, there would be no Cornell Tech.

Nearly 15 years later, Cornell Tech has educated more than 2,700 students and undertaken groundbreaking research on AI and other new technologies.

Critical to this mission is the Joan and Irwin Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, created through the unique academic partnership between Cornell and the Technion without a financial obligation from either university to the other. The Jacobs Institute brings together engineers, computer scientists, designers, clinicians and entrepreneurs to develop new technologies, launch startups and generate real-world impact through three research hubs focused on health, media and urban challenges. As is the case at most American universities, all of this research is supported through private philanthropy and competitive grants from U.S. government agencies. At the Health Tech Hub, faculty and students are building machine-learning systems that predict disease progression and assist clinicians with diagnosis and treatment, particularly in areas like cardiology, radiology and emergency care. In the Connective Media Hub, researchers study how digital platforms shape the way information spreads, communities form and public conversations evolve. Within the Urban Tech Hub, researchers explore how advanced data science can improve infrastructure — from housing and transportation to energy systems and climate resilience. Through programs like the Urban Innovation Fellows initiative, researchers work directly with agencies across New York City on challenges ranging from sanitation and procurement to transportation and housing policy.

Celebrate Pi Day and read about how this number pops up across math and science on our special Pi Day page.

For more than two millennia, mathematicians have produced a growing heap of pi equations in their ongoing search for methods to calculate pi faster and faster. The pile of equations has grown into the thousands, and algorithms now can generate an infinitude. Each discovery has arrived alone, as a fragment, with no obvious connection to the others. But now, for the first time, centuries of pi formulas have been shown to be part of a unified, formerly hidden structure.

Divide any circle’s circumference by its diameter and you get pi. But what, exactly, are its digits? Measuring physical circles won’t tell you—your tools are too clunky to discover pi’s endless numerals. Uncovering its true value requires something much more powerful: a formula.

It all started with Archimedes, who developed the world’s first known mathematical proof for pi’s value. He thought of a circle as an infinite-sided polygon with sides of zero length. The math to handle infinitesimals (calculus) wouldn’t arrive for another 1,900 years, so instead he circumscribed 96-sided polygons on the outside and inside of a circle and used geometry to calculate their perimeters. He was able to determine that pi fell somewhere between 3.140845… and 3.142857…, trapping it in a range. His rigour stood for 1,600 years.

Then, around the 14th century, Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama provided the first exact formula, expressed as an infinite series—a sum of endlessly many terms that, if you could somehow add them all up, would yield pi exactly. The catch: his series converged agonizingly slowly, requiring hundreds of terms just to nail down a few decimal places. More than three hundred years later Leonhard Euler discovered another series that converged faster. And in the early 1900s, the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan produced formulas that are still revered for their efficiency today.

Graphic shows four examples of formulas for pi and lists each formula’s associated author, the author’s country of origin and the year in which the formula was first discovered or published.
Amanda Montañez; Source: “From Euler to AI: Unifying Formulas for Mathematical Constants,” by Tomer Raz et al. Preprint posted November 16, 2025 to https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.17533 (reference)

Each equation seemed unrelated to the others. But in late 2025, a team of seven AI researchers at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology found a previously unknown mathematical structure underlying hundreds of pi formulas, including those of Archimedes, Euler and Ramanujan. “It’s not every day that you get to cite Archimedes,” says Ph.D. student Michael Shalyt, part of the team. The structure, called a conservative matrix field, or CMF, acts as a kind of mathematical common ancestor, showing how formulas that look nothing alike turn out to be different expressions of the same underlying object.

The project grew out of group head Ido Kaminer’s 2019 Ramanujan Machine, an AI bot that seeks out new conjectures for calculating mathematical constants. Anyone can download the software for free, and many have used it to find new pi formulas to join the heap. The bot’s unconventional approach was a viral success, if not taken entirely seriously by mathematicians. “When we started doing AI research in this area of math,” Kaminer says, “it was seen as a fringe idea.”

But as the machine and other mathematicians kept churning out formulas, eventually the question became unavoidable: Were any of them connected?

The group, who also have backgrounds in areas such as physics and math, approached the problem like experimentalists and decided to gather a dataset. Tomer Raz, then a master’s student at Technion, wrote code to download every math paper that had ever been uploaded to the preprint server arXiv.org, running his laptop seven days a week, 24 hours a day, for six weeks to download 455,050 papers at a slow enough rate to respect the website’s limit.

The group then deployed GPT-4o in combination with specialized algorithms to detect pi-related equations, translate them into executable code, and remove trivial duplicates. From nearly half a million papers, they extracted 385 unique formulas, including about 10 percent that originated from the Ramanujan Machine.

For the next step, they recast the 385 equations into the same format—a special type of infinite series. But the expressions still all converged to pi, leaving no obvious way to compare them. Something deeper was needed.

That something was the CMF, which some members of Kaminer’s group had introduced in 2023. Shalyt calls it a Swiss army knife for mathematics. “It can unify 2,000-year-old formulas [and] give hierarchy for constants in math, and we hope to [use it to] prove some properties of irrationality related to the Riemann hypothesis,” he says.

Think of the CMF like gravity defined on a grid. Each pi formula traces a different path across the grid. Just as a gravitational field guarantees that the energy difference between two points is the same, regardless of route, the CMF guarantees that only the destination matters. From this single constraint, something remarkable emerges: when two pi formulas trace parallel paths through the same CMF grid, they are equivalent (one can be transformed into the other), however mismatched they appear on the surface.

The group derived the CMF of pi, then used algorithms to see where each formula fit inside the grid, finding clusters of similar equations. An algorithm formally proved whether a cluster of equations belonged to the CMF. The result: 43 percent of all known pi formulas descend from a single CMF. Another 51 percent belong to broader clusters. (The researchers are still working out their precise relationships.) Only 6 percent of the formulas remain orphans, with no proven connection to anything else.

It’s an open question whether a more complex CMF could capture the entire set, Kaminer says. Another open question is whether every single equation generated from the CMF is a pi formula—so far, all the equations the team has tried have worked.

David Bailey, a retired computer scientist formerly at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who wasn’t involved in the study (though a pi formula bears his name and the group used one of his algorithms), says the project’s results are as if 17th-century chemists had been discovering atomic elements one by one “and then all of a sudden, someone let loose a computer program that constructed the whole periodic table automatically.”

Mathematician George Andrews, a professor emeritus at the Pennsylvania State University (who famously uncovered a lost trove of Ramanujan’s notes) had previously criticised the group for naming their machine after Ramanujan. But he had nothing but praise for the current work. “This is serious mathematics done in a serious way,” he says. “More and more surprising things should emerge.”